Lock and Win

Second East Crisis In 1838 Muhammad Ali announced his desire to gain independence from the Ottoman Empire and turning Egypt into a herary kingdom. This announcement triggered a second crisis in the tense relations between the Sultan and his vassal. The situation seemed to calm down, but that same year, the Ottoman government and the British signed the Treaty of Balta Liman, which obliged to abolish monopolies in all provinces of the empire, including Egypt and imposed new tariffs soaring. These measures, especially the second, greatly affect the Egyptian economy and would drain its coffers. Egypt refused to accept the treaty, leading to a new Turkish-Egyptian war. The Ottoman army was defeated in Nusaybin, near Urfa, on 24 June 1839. Again he was free the way to Constantinople, but this time, Muhammad Ibrahim forbade his son to continue the march. In this situation, Britain, Russia, Austria and Prussia, who were afraid the increase of Egyptian power, supported the Ottoman cause.Only France was supporting Egypt. The Allies demanded that Mehmet withdraw from the interior region of modern Lebanon and Syria, in exchange for retaining Acre and the right to pass the throne to his descendants, under threat of intervention. Muhammad did not accept the conditions and continued the fight. The reaction of the Allies was swift: British and Austrian Ships blocked the exit of the Nile to the Merranean, the British cut off the roads from Egypt to Syria and left the Egyptian army exhausted without reinforcement, September 11, 1840 Beirut is bombed and November 3 Acre surrendered. Given these developments, France broke its alliance with Egypt. The war was lost. On the 27th of that month, Mehmet accepted the conditions that had been imposed, in addition to giving Crete and the Hijaz. Moreover, from Egypt then ran out of Navy and Army could not exceed 18,000.The only thing left was gaining Mehmet could transfer their rights on Egypt to his descendants, who would rule Egypt until the overthrow of King Fuad II in 1953.